%0 Conference Proceedings %B Proceedings of the 17th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR 2016) %D 2016 %T An Analysis of Agreement in Classical Music Perception and Its Relationship to Listener Characteristics %A Markus Schedl %A Hamid Eghbal-zadeh %A Emilia Gómez %A Marko Tkalčič %B Proceedings of the 17th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR 2016) %C New York, USA %8 08/2016 %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B International Workshop on Multimedia Artworks Analysis (MMArt) at IEEE ICME %D 2016 %T Crowdsourcing Audience Perspectives on Classical Music %A Cynthia C. S. Liem %B International Workshop on Multimedia Artworks Analysis (MMArt) at IEEE ICME %I IEEE %C Seattle, WA, USA %8 07/2016 %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B the 20th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries (TPDL) %D 2016 %T From Water Music to ’Underwater Music’: Multimedia Soundtrack Retrieval with Social Mass Media Resources %A Cynthia C. S. Liem %B the 20th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries (TPDL) %C Hannover, Germany %8 09/2016 %G eng %R http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43997-6_18 %0 Conference Paper %B the 17th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR) %D 2016 %T Go With the Flow: When Listeners use Music as Technology %A Andrew M. Demetriou %A Martha A. Larson %A Cynthia C. S. Liem %B the 17th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR) %C New York, USA %8 08/2016 %G eng %0 Conference Proceedings %B CHI - Human Factors in Computing Systems %D 2016 %T Machine Learning of Personal Gesture Variation in Music Conducting %A Sarasua, Alvaro %A Caramiaux, Baptiste %A Tanaka, Atau %X
This note presents a system that learns expressive and idiosyncratic gesture variations for gesture-based interaction. The system is used as an interaction technique in a music conducting scenario where gesture variations drive music articulation. A simple model based on Gaussian Mixture Modeling is used to allow the user to configure the system by providing variation examples. The system performance and the influence of user musical expertise is evaluated in a user study, which shows that the model is able to learn idiosyncratic variations that allow users to control articulation, with better performance for users with musical expertise.
%B CHI - Human Factors in Computing Systems %I ACM Press %C San Jose, CA %P 3428-3432 %G eng %R 10.1145/2858036.2858328 %0 Conference Paper %B 2nd International Conference on New Music Concepts (ICNMC 2016) %D 2016 %T Modeling Loudness Variations in Ensemble Performance %A Gadermaier, Thassilo %A Grachten, Maarten %A Cancino-Chacon, Carlos Eduardo %B 2nd International Conference on New Music Concepts (ICNMC 2016) %I ABEditore %C Treviso, Italy %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B Proceedings of the 7th ACM Multimedia Systems Conference (MMSys) %D 2016 %T A Personality-based Adaptive System for Visualizing Classical Music Performances %A Markus Schedl %A Mark Melenhorst %A Cynthia C.S. Liem %A Agustín Martorell %A Óscar Mayor %A Marko Tkalčič %B Proceedings of the 7th ACM Multimedia Systems Conference (MMSys) %C Klagenfurt, Austria %8 May %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval (ICMR) %D 2016 %T Personalized Retrieval and Browsing of Classical Music and Supporting Multimedia Material %A Marko Tkalčič %A Markus Schedl %A Cynthia C.S. Liem %A Mark Melenhorst %B Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval (ICMR) %C New York, USA %8 June %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on MultiMedia Modeling (MMM 2016) %D 2016 %T Using Instagram Picture Features to Predict Users' Personality %A Ferwerda, Bruce %A Schedl, Markus %A Tkalčič, Marko %B Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on MultiMedia Modeling (MMM 2016) %C Miami, USA %8 January %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence %D 2015 %T Artificial Intelligence in the Concertgebouw %A Andreas Arzt %A H. Frostel %A Th. Gadermaier %A M. Gasser %A G. Widmer %A M. Grachten %B Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence %C Buenos Aires, Argentina %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B Proceedings of the 16th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference, {ISMIR} 2015, Málaga, Spain, October 26-30, 2015 %D 2015 %T Classical Music on the Web - User Interfaces and Data Representations %A Martin Gasser %A Andreas Arzt %A Thassilo Gadermaier %A Maarten Grachten %A Gerhard Widmer %B Proceedings of the 16th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference, {ISMIR} 2015, Málaga, Spain, October 26-30, 2015 %G eng %U http://ismir2015.uma.es/articles/123_Paper.pdf %0 Conference Paper %B 16th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference %D 2015 %T Comparative Analysis of Orchestral Performance Recordings: An Image-Based Approach %A Cynthia C. S. Liem %A Alan Hanjalic %B 16th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference %C Málaga, Spain %8 10/2015 %G eng %0 Book Section %B Computational Music Analysis %D 2015 %T Contextual set-class analysis %A Martorell, Agustín %A Gómez, Emilia %E Meredith, David %B Computational Music Analysis %I Springer %C Heidelberg %P 81-110 %G eng %& 4 %R 10.1007/978-3-319-25931-4 %0 Conference Paper %B Ninth Triennial Conference of the European Society for the Cognitive Sciences of Music (ESCOM) %D 2015 %T Correlations Between Musical Descriptors and Emotions Recognized in Beethoven’s Eroica %A Erika S. Trent %A Emilia Gómez %K classical music %K emotion %K music description %K music information retrieval %K personalization %XInvestigations on music and emotion have identified broad musical elements that influence emotions recognized by listeners, such as timbre, rhythm, melody, and harmony. Not many studies have studied the correlation between quantifiable musical descriptors and their associated emotions; furthermore, only few studies have focused on how listeners’ demographic and musical backgrounds influence the emotion they recognize. In this preliminary study, participants rated how strongly they recognized the six GEMS emotions (transcendence, peacefulness, power, joyful activation, tension, and sadness) while listening to excerpts from Beethoven’s Eroica. Musical descriptors (loudness, brightness, noisiness, tempo/rhythm, harmony, and timbre) were also extracted from each excerpt. Results indicate significant correlations between emotional ratings and musical descriptors, notably positive correlations between key clarity and peacefulness/joyful activation ratings, and negative correlations between key clarity and tension/sadness ratings. Key clarity refers to the key strength associated to the best key candidate; as such, these results suggest that listeners recognize positive emotions in music with a straightforward key, whereas listeners recognize negative emotions in music with a less clear sense of key. The second part of the study computed correlations between demographics and emotional ratings, to determine whether people of similar demographic and musical backgrounds recognized similar emotions. The results indicate that na{\"ıve listeners (i.e. younger subjects, and subjects with less frequent exposure to classical music) experienced more similar emotions from the same musical excerpts than did other subjects. Our findings contribute to developing a quantitative understanding of how musical descriptors, and listeners’ backgrounds, correlate with emotions recognized by listeners.
%B Ninth Triennial Conference of the European Society for the Cognitive Sciences of Music (ESCOM) %C Manchester, UK %8 17/08/2015 %G eng %U http://phenicx.upf.edu/system/files/publications/0168TrentGomez-ESCOM2015.pdf %0 Conference Paper %B Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Discovery Science (DS 2015) %D 2015 %T An evaluation of score descriptors combined with non-linear models of expressive dynamics in music %A Cancino Chacón, C. E. %A M. Grachten %B Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Discovery Science (DS 2015) %I Springer %C Banff, Canada %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B Proceedings of the Vienna Talk on Music Acoustics %D 2015 %T Flexible Score Following: The Piano Music Companion and Beyond %A Andreas Arzt %A Goebl, W. %A Widmer, G. %B Proceedings of the Vienna Talk on Music Acoustics %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B Proceedings of the 16th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR) %D 2015 %T Improving Music Recommendations with a Weighted Factorization of the Tagging Activity %A Andreu Vall %A Marcin Skowron %A Peter Knees %A Markus Schedl %B Proceedings of the 16th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR) %C Malaga, Spain %8 October %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B 16th International Society for Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR) Conference. %D 2015 %T Improving score-informed source separation for classical music through note refinement %A Marius Miron %A Julio José Carabias %A Jordi Janer %B 16th International Society for Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR) Conference. %C Malaga %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B Proceedings of the 37th European Conference on Information Retrieval (ECIR 2015) %D 2015 %T On the Influence of User Characteristics on Music Recommendation %A Markus Schedl %A David Hauger %A Katayoun Farrahi %A Marko Tkalčič %B Proceedings of the 37th European Conference on Information Retrieval (ECIR 2015) %C Vienna, Austria %8 March–April %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on MultiMedia Modeling (MMM 2015) %D 2015 %T Iron Maiden while jogging, Debussy for dinner? - An analysis of music listening behavior in context %A Michael Gillhofer %A Markus Schedl %B Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on MultiMedia Modeling (MMM 2015) %C Sydney, Australia %8 January %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B Proceedings of the 16th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR) %D 2015 %T I-Vectors for Timbre-Based Music Similarity and Music Artist Classification %A Hamid Eghbal-zadeh %A Bernhard Lehner %A Markus Schedl %A Gerhard Widmer %B Proceedings of the 16th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR) %C Malaga, Spain %8 October %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B Proceedings of the European Conference on Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases (ECML PKDD 2015) %D 2015 %T Listener-aware Music Recommendation from Sensor and Social Media Data %A Markus Schedl %B Proceedings of the European Conference on Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases (ECML PKDD 2015) %C Porto, Portugal %8 September %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Mining Ubiquitous and Social Environments (MUSE 2015) %D 2015 %T Listener-aware Music Search and Recommendation %A Markus Schedl %B Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Mining Ubiquitous and Social Environments (MUSE 2015) %C Porto, Portugal %8 September %G eng %0 Thesis %D 2015 %T Making Tabletops Useful with Applications, Frameworks and Multi-Tasking %A Carles F. Julià %K Applications %K Collaboration %K Frameworks %K HCI %K interaction %K Multi-Tasking %K Shared interfaces %K tabletop %XThe progressive appearance of affordable tabletop technology and devices urges human-computer interaction researchers to provide the necessary methods to make this kind of devices the most useful to their users. Studies show that tabletops have distinctive characteristics that can be specially useful to solve some types of problems, but this potential is arguably not yet translated into real-world applications. We theorize that the important components that can transform those systems into useful tools are application frameworks that take into account the devices affordances, a third party application ecosystem, and multi-application systems supporting concurrent multitasking. In this dissertation we approach these key components: First, we explore the distinctive affordances of tabletops, with two cases: TurTan, a tangible programming language in the education context, and SongExplorer, a music collection browser for large databases. Next, in order to address the difficulty of building such applications in a way that they can exploit these affordances, we focus on software frameworks to support the tabletop application making process, with two different approaches: ofxTableGestures, targeting programmers, and MTCF, designed for music and sound artists. Finally, recognizing that making useful applications is just one part of the problem, we focus on a fundamental issue of multi-application tabletop systems: the difficulty to support multi-user concurrent multitasking with third-party applications. After analyzing the possible approaches, we present GestureAgents, a content-based distributed application-centric disambiguation mechanism and its implementation, which solves this problem in a generic fashion, being also useful to other shareable interfaces, including uncoupled ones.
%I Universitat Pompeu Fabra %C Barcelona %P 210 %8 01/2015 %G eng %9 phd %0 Conference Proceedings %B 11th International Symposium on Computer Music Multidisciplinary Research (CMMR) %D 2015 %T Mass Media Musical Meaning: Opportunities from the Collaborative Web %A Cynthia C. S. Liem %K collaborative web resources %K cultural context %K data science %K mass media %K music information retrieval %K musicology %K narrative elements %K text retrieval %XIn the digital domain, music is usually studied from a positivist viewpoint, focusing on general ’objective’ music descriptors. In this work, we strive to put music in a more social and cultural context, looking into ways to unify data analysis methods with thoughts from the humanities on musical meaning and significance. More specifically, we investigate whether information in collaborative web resources on movie plot narratives and folksonomic song tags is capable of revealing common associations between these two. Reported initial findings suggest this is indeed the case, which opens opportunities for further work in this area, cross-disciplinary collaborations, and novel contextually oriented music information retrieval application scenarios.
%B 11th International Symposium on Computer Music Multidisciplinary Research (CMMR) %C Plymouth, UK %8 06/2015 %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B Music Information Retrieval Evaluation eXchange (MIREX) %D 2015 %T Melody extraction by means of a source-filter model and pitch contour characterization (MIREX 2015) %A Bosch, J. %A Gómez, E. %B Music Information Retrieval Evaluation eXchange (MIREX) %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B ISMIR (Late Breaking Demo) %D 2015 %T Melovizz: A Web-based tool for Score-Informed Melody Extraction Visualization %A Bosch, J. %A Mayor, O. %A Gómez, E. %B ISMIR (Late Breaking Demo) %G eng %0 Thesis %B Department of Intelligent Systems, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science %D 2015 %T Multifaceted Approaches to Music Information Retrieval %A Cynthia C. S. Liem %B Department of Intelligent Systems, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science %I Delft University of Technology %C Delft %V PhD %P 176 %8 11/2015 %@ 9789462992382 %G eng %U http://dx.doi.org/10.4233/uuid:e8a04372-4c55-4b5f-9bc3-aaab73fe649d %9 PhD thesis %0 Conference Paper %B Proceedings of the 38th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR) %D 2015 %T Music Retrieval and Recommendation – A Tutorial Overview %A Peter Knees %A Markus Schedl %B Proceedings of the 38th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR) %C Santiago, Chile %8 August %G eng %0 Journal Article %J UMAP 2015, Springer LNCS 9146 %D 2015 %T Personality Correlates for Digital Concert Program Notes %A Tkalčič, Marko %A Ferwerda, Bruce %A Hauger, David %A Schedl, Markus %K classical music %K digital program notes %K personality %B UMAP 2015, Springer LNCS 9146 %G eng %R 10.1007/978-3-319-20267-9 32 %0 Conference Paper %B Extended Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization (UMAP 2015) %D 2015 %T Personality & Emotional States: Understanding Users’ Music Listening Needs %A Ferwerda, Bruce %A Schedl, Markus %A Tkalčič, Marko %B Extended Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization (UMAP 2015) %C Dublin, Ireland %8 June–July %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI EA '15 %D 2015 %T Personality Traits Predict Music Taxonomy Preferences %A Ferwerda, Bruce %A Yang, Emily %A Schedl, Markus %A Tkalčič, Marko %B Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI EA '15 %@ 9781450331463 %G eng %U http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2702613.2732754 http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=2702613.2732754 %R 10.1145/2702613.2732754 %0 Conference Paper %B Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME 2015) %D 2015 %T PHENICX: Innovating the Classical Music Experience %A Cynthia C. S. Liem %A Emilia Gómez %A Markus Schedl %B Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME 2015) %C Torino, Italy %8 June–July %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B 16th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference %D 2015 %T Put the Concert Attendee in the Spotlight. A User-Centered Design and Development Approach for Classical Concert Applications %A Mark S. Melenhorst %A Cynthia C. S. Liem %B 16th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference %C Málaga, Spain %8 10/2015 %G eng %U http://ismir2015.uma.es/articles/67_Paper.pdf %0 Conference Paper %B Proceedings of the International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR) %D 2015 %T Real-time Music Tracking using Multiple Performances as a Reference %A Andreas Arzt %A Widmer, G. %B Proceedings of the International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR) %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Interactive Content Consumption (WSICC) at TVX 2015 %D 2015 %T A Tablet App to Enrich the Live and Post-Live Experience of Classical Concerts %A Mark S. Melenhorst %A Ron van der Sterren %A Andreas Arzt %A Martorell, Agustín %A Cynthia C. S. Liem %B Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Interactive Content Consumption (WSICC) at TVX 2015 %8 06/2015 %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B Proceedings of the 38th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR) %D 2015 %T Tailoring Music Recommendations to Users by Considering Diversity, Mainstreaminess, and Novelty %A Markus Schedl %A David Hauger %B Proceedings of the 38th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR) %C Santiago, Chile %8 August %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B Proceedings of the 23rd European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO 2015) %D 2015 %T Timbral Modeling for Music Artist Recognition Using I-vectors %A Hamid Eghbal-zadeh %A Markus Schedl %A Gerhard Widmer %B Proceedings of the 23rd European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO 2015) %C Nice, France %8 August–September %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B SoMeRA 2015: Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Social Media Retrieval and Analysis %D 2015 %T Towards Personalizing Classical Music Recommendations %A Markus Schedl %B SoMeRA 2015: Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Social Media Retrieval and Analysis %C Atlantic City, USA %8 November %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B WAC - 1st Web Audio Conference %D 2015 %T Web-based visualizations and acoustic rendering for multimodal data from orchestra performances using repovizz %A Mayor, O. %K Technical Demo %XIn the demo a set of fully working web-based prototypes developed in the context of the EU FP7 PHENICX Project (http://phenicx.upf.edu) will be presented. The Phenicx project is about innovating the classical music experience providing them with a multimodal, multi-perspective and multilayer interactive engagement, before, during and after the concert. In this demo we present some prototypes that are related with the post concert experience.
We have recorded a set of classical pieces performed by top level orchestras, including some data modalities like multi-channel audio, video, motion capture sensors, midi and text. Once all data streams have been time-synchronized, we have performed the following analysis on the data:
- Low-level and high-level audio descriptors for each individual audio source
- Description of conductor gestures based on the motion capture sensors
- Score to performance alignment
- Audio source separation
- Musical structure analysis of the performed piece
Then all these data is uploaded to the repovizz web repository (repovizz.upf.edu) that allows visualization and sharing of the data over the network. A set of customized web-based visualizations have been designed to build the prototypes that will be shown in this demo. Multimodal data streams are accessed on-line using the repovizz web API and html5 is used for the visualizations of the multimodal data and descriptors extracted from the performances. The web-audio API is used to handle the audio rendering in the client to mix between the different audio channels obtained from the different recorded audio sources or from the automatic isolation of instruments performed in the analysis step.
The visualizations available include (all web-based):
- Scrolling piano roll visualization of the musical score while audio is playing
- Orchestra layout visualization showing instrument activity and loudness while playing audio
- Audio focus to hear individual instruments playing alone
- Multi-perspective video angle selection during the concert
- 3D render of the conductor body
Here is a live example of the orchestra layout visualization including the isolation of instruments as an example of one of the prototypes that will be shown during the demo: http://repovizz.upf.edu/phenicx
Video showing some of the repovizz orchestra visualizations developed in the context of PHENICX: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c7pmDvkKY7A#t=168
The musical conductor metaphor has been broadly used in the design of musical interfaces where users control the expressive aspects of the performance imitating the movements of conductors. Most of the times, there are predefined rules for the interaction to which users have to adapt. Other works have focused on studying the relation between conductors' gestures and the resulting performance of the orchestra. Here, we study how different subjects move when asked to conduct on top of classical music excerpts, with a focus on the influence of the beat of the performance. Twenty-five subjects were asked to conduct on top of three classical music fragments and recorded with a commercial depth-sense camera. We evaluated predicted beats using ground truth annotations from score-performance alignment by an expert musicologist and a modified F-measure that is able to account for different tendencies on beat anticipation across subjects. The results show that these tendencies can be used for possible improvements in the design of conducting musical interfaces in terms of user adaptation.
%B Proceedings of the 2014 International Workshop on Movement and Computing %I ACM %C Paris, France %@ 978-1-4503-2814-2 %G eng %U http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2617995.2618016 %R 10.1145/2617995.2618016 %0 Conference Paper %B 53rd AES Conference on Semantic Audio %D 2014 %T Bridging the Audio-Symbolic Gap: The Discovery of Repeated Note Content Directly from Polyphonic Music Audio %A Collins, Tom %A Sebastian Böck %A Krebs, Florian %A Widmer, Gerhard %B 53rd AES Conference on Semantic Audio %C London, UK %8 01/2014 %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B 53rd AES Conference on Semantic Audio %D 2014 %T The Complete Classical Music Companion V0.9 %A Andreas Arzt %A Sebastian Böck %A Flossmann, Sebastian %A Frostel, Harald %A Gasser, Martin %A Widmer, Gerhard %B 53rd AES Conference on Semantic Audio %C London, UK %8 01/2014 %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B Proceedings of the International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression %D 2014 %T Dynamics in Music Conducting: A Computational Comparative Study Among Subjects %A Álvaro Sarasúa %A Enric Guaus %XMany musical interfaces have used the musical conductor metaphor, allowing users to control the expressive aspects of a performance by imitating the gestures of conductors. In most of them, the rules to control these expressive aspects are predefined and users have to adapt to them. Other works have studied conductors' gestures in relation to the performance of the orchestra. The goal of this study is to analyze, following the path initiated by this latter kind of works, how simple motion capture descriptors can explain the relationship between the loudness of a given performance and the way in which different subjects move when asked to impersonate the conductor of that performance. Twenty-five subjects were asked to impersonate the conductor of three classical music fragments while listening to them. The results of different linear regression models with motion capture descriptors as explanatory variables show that, by studying how descriptors correlate to loudness differently among subjects, different tendencies can be found and exploited to design models that better adjust to their expectations.
%B Proceedings of the International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression %I Goldsmiths, University of London %C London, United Kingdom %8 06/2014 %G eng %U http://nime2014.org/proceedings/papers/464_paper.pdf %0 Conference Paper %B Proceedings of the 15th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference %D 2014 %T Exploiting Instrument-wise Playing/Non-Playing Labels for Score Synchronization of Symphonic Music %A Alessio Bazzica %A Cynthia C. S. Liem %A Hanjalic, Alan %X Score synchronization with an audio-visual recording of a symphonic music performance is usually done by solving an audio-to-MIDI alignment problem. In this paper we investigate what role visual channel can have in this process. In particular, we focus on the possibility to represent both the score and the performance by the information about what instrument is active at a given time stamp. More specifically, we investigate to what extent instrument-level 'play' (P) and 'non-play' (NP) labels are informative in the synchronization process. After introducing the P/NP-based representation of the music piece, both at the score and performance level, we define an efficient way of computing the distance between the two representations, which serves as input for the synchronization step based on dynamic time warping. In parallel with assessing the effectiveness of the proposed representation, we also study its robustness when missing and/or erroneous labels occur. Our experimental results show that P/NP-based music piece representation is informative for performance-to-score synchronization and may benefit the existing audio-only approaches. %B Proceedings of the 15th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference %C Taipei, Taiwan %8 October %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B Proceedings of the 1st ACM International Workshop on Internet-Scale Multimedia Management (ISMM 2014) %D 2014 %T Genre-based Analysis of Social Media Data on Music Listening Behavior %A Markus Schedl %A Marko Tkalčič %B Proceedings of the 1st ACM International Workshop on Internet-Scale Multimedia Management (ISMM 2014) %C Orlando, FL, USA %8 November %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Mathematics and Music %D 2014 %T Hierarchical multi-scale set-class analysis %A Martorell, Agustín %A Gómez, Emilia %B Journal of Mathematics and Music %P 1-14 %8 05/2014 %G eng %U http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17459737.2014.906072 %R 10.1080/17459737.2014.906072 %0 Journal Article %J Springer Multimedia Tools and Applications %D 2014 %T The impact of hesitation, a social signal, on a user’s quality of experience in multimedia content retrieval %A Vodlan, Tomaż %A Tkalčič, Marko %A Košir, Andrej %K computer interaction %K hesitation %K human %K social signals %K video-on-demand %B Springer Multimedia Tools and Applications %G eng %U http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11042-014-1933-2 %R 10.1007/s11042-014-1933-2 %0 Conference Paper %B Proceedings of the 15th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR 2014) %D 2014 %T Impact of Listening Behavior on Music Recommendation %A Katayoun Farrahi %A Markus Schedl %A Andreu Vall %A David Hauger %A Marko Tkalčič %B Proceedings of the 15th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR 2014) %C Taipei, Taiwan %8 October %G eng %0 Conference Proceedings %B Proceedings of the 39th International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP 2014) %D 2014 %T Improved musical onset detection with convolutional neural networks %A Jan Schlüter %A Sebastian Böck %B Proceedings of the 39th International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP 2014) %8 May %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on MultiMedia Modeling (MMM 2014) %D 2014 %T Location-Aware Music Artist Recommendation %A Markus Schedl %A Dominik Schnitzer %B Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on MultiMedia Modeling (MMM 2014) %C Dublin, Ireland %8 January %G eng %0 Conference Proceedings %B 9th Conference on Interdisciplinary Musicology – CIM14 %D 2014 %T Melody extraction in symphonic classical music: a comparative study of mutual agreement between humans and algorithms %A Bosch, J. %A Gómez, E. %B 9th Conference on Interdisciplinary Musicology – CIM14 %C Berlin %8 12/2014 %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval (ICMR) %D 2014 %T Mobile Music Genius: Reggae at the Beach, Metal on a Friday Night? %A Markus Schedl %A Georg Breitschopf %A Bogdan Ionescu %B Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval (ICMR) %C Glasgow, UK %8 April 02-04 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J {Foundations and Trends in Information Retrieval} %D 2014 %T Music Information Retrieval: Recent Developments and Applications %A Markus Schedl %A Emilia Gómez %A Julián Urbano %B {Foundations and Trends in Information Retrieval} %V 8 %P 127–261 %G eng %R http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/1500000042 %0 Conference Paper %B Proceedings of the 15th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR 2014) %D 2014 %T PatternViewer: An Application for Exploring Repetitive and Tonal Structure %A Ali Nikrang %A Tom Collins %A Gerhard Widmer %B Proceedings of the 15th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR 2014) %C Taipei, Taiwan %8 October %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B Proceedings of the Conference on Prestigious Applications of Intelligent Systems (PAIS) %D 2014 %T The Piano Music Companion %A Andreas Arzt %A Sebastian Böck %A Flossmann, S. %A Frostel, H. %A Gasser, M. %A Cynthia C. S. Liem %A Widmer, G. %B Proceedings of the Conference on Prestigious Applications of Intelligent Systems (PAIS) %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval %D 2014 %T Predicting expressive dynamics in piano performances using neural networks %A Van Herwaarden, S %A Grachten, M %A De Haas, W. B. %B Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Music Information Retrieval %C Taipei, Taiwan %8 October %G eng %0 Conference Proceedings %B 7th International Workshop on Machine Learning and Music (MML'14) %D 2014 %T Set-class surface analysis: a hierarchical multi-scale approach %A Martorell, Agustín %B 7th International Workshop on Machine Learning and Music (MML'14) %C Barcelona %8 2014 %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B SoMeRA'14: Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Social Media Retrieval and Analysis %D 2014 %T Social Media and Classical Music? – A first analysis within the PHENICX project: “Performances as Highly Enriched aNd Interactive Concert eXperiences” %A Markus Schedl %B SoMeRA'14: Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Social Media Retrieval and Analysis %C Gold Coast, Australia %8 July %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B Proceedings of the 37th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR) %D 2014 %T SoMeRA 2014: Social Media Retrieval and Analysis Workshop %A Markus Schedl %A Peter Knees %A Jialie Shen %B Proceedings of the 37th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR) %C Gold Coast, Australia %8 July %G eng %0 Conference Proceedings %B 15th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference, Taipei, Taiwan %D 2014 %T Systematic multi-scale set-class analysis %A Martorell, Agustín %A Gómez, Emilia %B 15th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference, Taipei, Taiwan %C Taipei (Taiwan) %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B 8th European Music Analysis Conference, Leuven, Belgium %D 2014 %T Systematic set-class surface analysis: a hierarchical multi-scale approach %A Martorell, Agustín %B 8th European Music Analysis Conference, Leuven, Belgium %C Leuven (Belgium) %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B Proceedings of the International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR) %D 2014 %T Tempo- and Transposition-invariant Identification of Piece and Score Position %A Andreas Arzt %A Widmer, G. %A Sonnleitner, R. %B Proceedings of the International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR) %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B Proceedings of the 6th ASE International Conference on Social Computing (SocialCom 2014) %D 2014 %T To Post or Not to Post: The Effects of Persuasive Cues and Group Targeting Mechanisms on Posting Behavior %A Bruce Ferwerda %A Markus Schedl %A Marko Tkalčič %B Proceedings of the 6th ASE International Conference on Social Computing (SocialCom 2014) %C Stanford, USA %8 May %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B Proceedings of the 37th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR) %D 2014 %T User Geospatial Context for Music Recommendation in Microblogs %A Markus Schedl %A Andreu Vall %A Katayoun Farrahi %B Proceedings of the 37th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR) %C Gold Coast, Australia %8 July %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Emotions and Personality in Personalized Services (EMPIRE 2014) %D 2014 %T Using Social Media Mining for Estimating Theory of Planned Behaviour Parameters %A Bruce Ferwerda %A Markus Schedl %B Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Emotions and Personality in Personalized Services (EMPIRE 2014) %C Aalborg, Denmark %8 July %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Emotions and Personality in Personalized Services (EMPIRE 2014) %D 2014 %T Using Social Media Mining for Estimating Theory of Planned Behaviour Parameters %A Marko Tkalčič %A Bruce Ferwerda %A Markus Schedl %A Cynthia C. S. Liem %A Mark S. Melenhorst %A Ante Odić %A Andrej Košir %B Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Emotions and Personality in Personalized Services (EMPIRE 2014) %C Aalborg, Denmark %8 July %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B 53rd AES Conference on Semantic Audio %D 2014 %T What Really Moves Us in Music: Expressivity as a Challenge to Semantic Audio Research %A Widmer, Gerhard %B 53rd AES Conference on Semantic Audio %C London, UK %8 01/2014 %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Advances in Mobile Computing & Multimedia (MoMM 2013) %D 2013 %T Ameliorating Music Recommendation: Integrating Music Content, Music Context, and User Context for Improved Music Retrieval and Recommendation %A Markus Schedl %B Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Advances in Mobile Computing & Multimedia (MoMM 2013) %C Vienna, Austria %8 December %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B Proceedings of the 14th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference %D 2013 %T Automatic alignment of music performances with structural differences %A Grachten, Maarten %A Gasser, Martin %A Andreas Arzt %A Widmer, Gerhard %XBoth in interactive music listening, and in music performance research, there is a need for automatic alignment of different recordings of the same musical piece. This task is challenging, because musical pieces often contain parts that may or may not be repeated by the performer, possibly leading to structural differences between performances (or between performance and score). The most common alignment method, dynamic time warping (DTW), cannot handle structural differences adequately, and existing approaches to deal with structural differences explicitly rely on the annotation of ``break points'' in one of the sequences. We propose a simple extension of the Needleman-Wunsch algorithm to deal effectively with structural differences, without relying on annotations. We evaluate several audio features for alignment, and show how an optimal value can be found for the cost-parameter of the alignment algorithm. A single cost value is demonstrated to be valid across different types of music. We demonstrate that our approach yields roughly equal alignment accuracies compared to DTW in the absence of structural differences, and superior accuracies when structural differences occur.
Body movement has received increasing attention in music technology research during the last years. Some new mu- sical interfaces make use of gestures to control music in a meaningful and intuitive way. A typical approach is to use the orchestra conducting paradigm, in which the computer that generates the music would be a virtual orchestra con- ducted by the user. However, although conductors’ gestures are complex and their meaning can vary depending on the musical context, this context-dependency is still to explore. We propose a method to study context-dependency of body and facial gestures of conductors in orchestral classical mu- sic based on temporal clustering of gestures into actions, followed by an analysis of the evolution of audio features after action occurrences. For this, multi-modal data (audio, video, motion capture) will be recorded in real live concerts and rehearsals situations using unobtrusive techniques.
%B ACM Multimedia %C Barcelona %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Machine Learning and Music %D 2013 %T Enhanced peak picking for onset detection with recurrent neural networks %A Sebastian Böck %A Schlüter, Jan %A Widmer, Gerhard %K onset detection %K peak-picking %X
We present a new neural network based peak-picking algorithm for common onset detection functions. Compared to existing hand-crafted methods it yields a better performance and leads to a much lower number of false negative detections. The performance is evaluated on basis of a huge dataset with over 25k annotated onsets and shows a significant improvement over existing methods in cases of signals with previously unknown levels.
%B Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Machine Learning and Music %C Prague, Czech Republic %8 September %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B TEI 2013 %D 2013 %T GestureAgents: An Agent-Based Framework for Concurrent Multi-Task Multi-User Interaction %A Carles F. Julià %A Jordà, S. %A Nicolas Earnshaw %K agent- exclusivity %K Concurrent interaction %K gesture framework %K multi-user %XWhile the HCI community has been putting a lot of effort on creating physical interfaces for collaboration, studying multi-user interaction dynamics and creating specific applications to support (and test) this kind of phenomena, it has not addressed the problem of having multiple applications sharing the same interactive space. Having an ecology of rich interactive programs sharing the same interfaces poses questions on how to deal with interaction ambiguity in a cross-application way and still allow different programmers the freedom to program rich unconstrained interaction experiences. This paper describes GestureAgents, a framework demonstrating several techniques that can be used to coordinate different applications in order to have concurrent multi-user multi-tasking interaction and still dealing with gesture ambiguity across multiple applications.
%B TEI 2013 %I ACM %8 10/02/2013 %G eng %U http://www.mtg.upf.edu/system/files/publications/2013%20TEI13%20GestureAgents.pdf %0 Conference Paper %B Proceedings of the International Workshop on Reproducibility and Replication in Recommender Systems Evaluation %D 2013 %T How to Improve the Statistical Power of the 10-fold Cross Validation Scheme in Recommender Systems %A Košir, Andrej %A Odić, Ante %A Tkalčič, Marko %K evaluation %K experimental design %K folding %K paired testing %K recommender systems %B Proceedings of the International Workshop on Reproducibility and Replication in Recommender Systems Evaluation %I ACM %C New York, NY, USA %@ 978-1-4503-2465-6 %G eng %U http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2532508.2532510 %R 10.1145/2532508.2532510 %0 Conference Paper %B Proceedings of the 35th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR) %D 2013 %T Hybrid Retrieval Approaches to Geospatial Music Recommendation %A Markus Schedl %A Dominik Schnitzer %B Proceedings of the 35th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR) %C Dublin, Ireland %8 July 31–August 1 %G eng %0 Thesis %B Music Technology Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra %D 2013 %T Informed Source Separation for Multiple Instruments of Similar Timbre %A López, Jakue %K source Separation %K Timbre modelling %XThis Master’s thesis focuses on the challenging task of separating the musical audio sources with instruments of similar timbre. We address the case in which external pitch information to assist the separation process is available. This information is provided to the source / filter model, which is embedded in a Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) framework that processes the audio input spectrogram. Different state of the art literature methods are inspected and extended. As an extension to these, two new separation methods are proposed, the Multi-Excitation and Single Filter Instantaneous Mixture Model and the Multi-Excitation and Multi-Filter Instantaneous Mixture Model. The use of dedicated source and filter decomposition for each instrument is proposed. In addition, we introduce the use of timbre models in the separation process. Timbre models are previously trained on isolated instrument recordings. The methods are compared with the BSS Eval and PEASS evaluation toolkits over an existing dataset. Promising results obtained in the conducted experiments, which shows that this is a path to be further investigated.
%B Music Technology Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra %V Master in Sound and Music Computing %8 09/2013 %G eng %U http://mtg.upf.edu/system/files/publications/Jakue-Lopez-Master-Thesis-2013.pdf %9 Master Thesis %0 Conference Paper %B 1st International Workshop on Interactive Content Consumption (WSICC) at EuroITV 2013 %D 2013 %T Innovating the Classical Music Experience in the PHENICX Project: Use Cases and Initial User Feedback %A Cynthia C. S. Liem %A Ron van der Sterren %A Marcel van Tilburg %A Álvaro Sarasúa %A Juan J. Bosch %A Jordi Janer %A Mark S. Melenhorst %A Emilia Gómez %A Alan Hanjalic %K interactivity %K multimedia information systems %K multimodality %K music information retrieval %K performing arts %K social networks %K user studies %XThe FP7 PHENICX project focuses on creating a new digital classical concert experience, improving the accessibility of classical music concert performances by enhancing and enriching them in novel digital ways, In this paper, we present the project’s foreseen use cases. Subsequently, we summarize initial use case feedback from two different user groups. Despite the early stage of the project, the feedback already gives important insight into real-world considerations to make for interactive music content consumption solutions.
%B 1st International Workshop on Interactive Content Consumption (WSICC) at EuroITV 2013 %C Como, Italy %8 06/2013 %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B Proceedings of the 14th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR 2013) %D 2013 %T Local Group Delay based Vibrato and Tremolo Suppression for Onset Detection %A Sebastian Böck %A Widmer, Gerhard %K local group delay %K onset detection %K tremolo suppression %K vibrato suppression %XWe present SuperFlux - a new onset detection algorithm with vibrato suppression. It is an enhanced version of the universal spectral flux onset detection algorithm, and reduces the number of false positive detections considerably by tracking spectral trajectories with a maximum filter. Especially for music with heavy use of vibrato (e.g., sung operas or string performances), the number of false positive detections can be reduced by up to 60% without missing any additional events. Algorithm performance was evaluated and compared to state-of-the-art methods on the basis of three different datasets comprising mixed audio material (25,927 onsets), violin recordings (7,677 onsets) and operatic solo voice recordings (1,448 onsets). Due to its causal nature, the algorithm is applicable in both offline and online real-time scenarios.
%B Proceedings of the 14th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR 2013) %C Curitiba, Brazil %8 November %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B Proceedings of the 7th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems (RecSys 2013) %D 2013 %T Location-aware Music Recommendation Using Auto-Tagging and Hybrid Matching %A Marius Kaminskas %A Francesco Ricci %A Markus Schedl %B Proceedings of the 7th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems (RecSys 2013) %C Hong Kong, China %8 October %G eng %0 Conference Proceedings %B 14th International Workshop on Image and Audio Analysis for Multimedia Interactive services (WIA2MIS) %D 2013 %T Looking Beyond Sound: Unsupervised Analysis of Musician Videos %A Cynthia C. S. Liem %A Alessio Bazzica %A Alan Hanjalic %XMany recent approaches to musical source separation rely on model-based inference methods that take into account the signal’s harmonic structure. To address the particular case of low-latency bass separation, we propose a method that combines harmonic decomposition using a Tikhonov regularization-based algorithm, with the peak contrast analysis of the pitch likelihood function. Our experiment compares the separation performance of this method to a naive low-pass filter, a state-of-the-art NMF-based method and a near-optimal binary mask. The proposed low-latency method achieves results similar to the NMF-based high-latency approach at a lower computational cost. Therefore the method is valid for real-time implementations.
%B International Conference on Digital Audio Effects Conference (DAFx-13) %C Maynooth, Ireland %8 02/09/2013 %G eng %U http://dafx13.nuim.ie/papers/11.dafx2013_submission_13.pdf %0 Conference Paper %B Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Digital Audio Effects (DAFx-13) %D 2013 %T Maximum Filter Vibrato Suppression for Onset Detection %A Sebastian Böck %A Widmer, Gerhard %K maximum filter %K onset detection %K vibrato suppression %X
We present SuperFlux - a new onset detection algorithm with vibrato suppression. It is an enhanced version of the universal spectral flux onset detection algorithm, and reduces the number of false positive detections considerably by tracking spectral trajectories with a maximum filter. Especially for music with heavy use of vibrato (e.g., sung operas or string performances), the number of false positive detections can be reduced by up to 60% without missing any additional events. Algorithm performance was evaluated and compared to state-of-the-art methods on the basis of three different datasets comprising mixed audio material (25,927 onsets), violin recordings (7,677 onsets) and operatic solo voice recordings (1,448 onsets). Due to its causal nature, the algorithm is applicable in both offline and online real-time scenarios.
%B Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Digital Audio Effects (DAFx-13) %C Maynooth, Ireland %8 September %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B Proceedings of the 14th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR 2013) %D 2013 %T The Million Musical Tweets Dataset: What Can We Learn From Microblogs %A David Hauger %A Markus Schedl %A Andrej Košir %A Marko Tkalčič %B Proceedings of the 14th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR 2013) %C Curitiba, Brazil %8 November %G eng %0 Thesis %D 2013 %T Modelling tonal context dynamics by temporal multi-scale analysis %A Martorell, Agustín %XModern digital multimedia and internet technology have radically changed the ways people find entertainment and discover new interests online, seemingly without any phys- ical or social barriers. Such new access paradigms are in sharp contrast with the traditional means of entertainment. An illustrative example of this is live music concert perfor- mances that are largely being attended by dedicated audi- ences only.
This papers introduces the PHENICX project, which aims at enriching traditional concert experiences by using state- of-the-art multimedia and internet technologies. The project focuses on classical music and its main goal is twofold: (a) to make live concerts appealing to potential new au- dience and (b) to maximize the quality of concert experi- ence for everyone. Concerts will then become multimodal, multi-perspective and multilayer digital artifacts that can be easily explored, customized, personalized, (re)enjoyed and shared among the users. The paper presents the main scientific objectives on the project, provides a state of the art review on related research and presents the main chal- lenges to be addressed.
Rhythmic patterns are an important structural element in music. This paper investigates the use of rhythmic pattern modeling to infer metrical structure in musical audio recordings. We present a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) based system that simultaneously extracts beats, downbeats, tempo, meter, and rhythmic patterns. Our model builds upon the basic structure proposed by Whiteley et. al, which we further modified by introducing a new observation model: rhythmic patterns are learned directly from data, which makes the model adaptable to the rhythmical structure of any kind of music. For learning rhythmic patterns and evaluating beat and downbeat tracking, 697 ballroom dance pieces were annotated with beat and measure information. The results showed that explicitly modeling rhythmic patterns of dance styles drastically reduces octave errors (detection of half or double tempo) and substantially improves downbeat tracking.
%B Proceedings of the 14th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR 2013) %8 November %G eng %0 Conference Paper %B International Conference on Digital Audio Effects Conference (DAFx-13) %D 2013 %T Study of regularizations and constraints in NMF-based drums monaural separation %A Marxer, R. %A Janer, J. %K drums %K NMF %K source Separation %XDrums modelling is of special interest in musical source separation because of its widespread presence in western popular music. Current research has often focused on drums separation without specifically modelling the other sources present in the signal. This paper presents an extensive study of the use of regularizations and constraints to drive the factorization towards the separation between percussive and non-percussive music accompaniment. The proposed regularizations control the frequency smoothness of the basis components and the temporal sparseness of the gains. We also evaluated the use of temporal constraints on the gains to perform the separation, using both ground truth manual annotations (made publicly available) and automatically extracted transients. Objective evaluation of the results shows that, while optimal regularizations are highly dependent on the signal, drum event position contains enough information to achieve a high quality separation.
%B International Conference on Digital Audio Effects Conference (DAFx-13) %8 09/2013 %G eng %U http://dafx13.nuim.ie/papers/16.dafx2013_submission_16.pdf %0 Conference Paper %B Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC) %D 2013 %T Tracking Rests and Tempo Changes: Improved Score Following with Particle Filters %A Korzeniowski, Filip %A Krebs, Florian %A Andreas Arzt %A Widmer, Gerhard %XIn this paper we present a score following system based on a Dynamic Bayesian Network, using particle filtering as inference method. The proposed model sets itself apart from existing approaches by including two new extensions: A multi-level tempo model to improve alignment quality of performances with challenging tempo changes, and an extension to reflect different expressive characteristics of notated rests. Both extensions are evaluated against a dataset of classical piano music. As the results show, the extensions improve both the accuracy and the robustness of the algorithm.
%B Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC) %C Perth, Australia %G eng